Friday, June 24, 2011

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard
- A "fixed-split keyboard" is a single board, with the keys separated into two or three groups, allowing the user to type at a different angle than the typical straight keyboard.
- An "adjustable split keyboard" has the keyboard split into several independent pieces, so the angle between them can be easily changed. Either of these types of keyboards may include elevated sections at various angles.




Inkjet Printer
- An inkjet printer is a computer peripheral that produces hard copy by spraying ink onto paper. 
- A typical inkjet printer can produce copy with a resolution of at least 300 dots per inch.
- Some inkjet printers can make full color hard copies at 600 dpi or more. 
- Many models include other devices such as a scanner , photocopier , and dedicated fax machine along with the printer in a single box.
- A printer that propels droplets of ink directly onto the medium.


Laser Printer
- A laser printer is a printer that uses a focused beam or light to transfer text and images onto paper. 
- Though contrary to popular belief, the laser does not actually burn the images onto the paper. Instead, as paper passes through the printer, the laser beam fires at the surface of a cylindrical drum called a photoreceptor.
-  Laser printers do not use ink, they have less image smearing problems than inkjet printers and are able to print pages faster.
- While laser printers and toner cartridges typically cost more than inkjet printers and ink cartridges, most laser toner cartridges last several times longer than ink cartridges, which makes their cost per page about equal. 
- Laser printers typically have a resolution of 600 dpi (dots per inch) or higher.




Magnetic-ink character recognition
-  A character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques.
-  The technology allows computers to read information (such as account numbers) off printed documents. 
- Unlike barcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.
- MICR characters are printed in special typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide.


Optical- Mark Recognition
OMR Software is a computer software application that makes OMR possible on a desktop computer by using an Image scanner to process surveys, tests, attendance sheets, checklists, and other plain-paper forms printed on a laser printer.
- OMR Software users design their own mark-sense forms with a word processor or built-in form editor and print them locally on a laser printer saving themselves thousands of dollars on large numbers of forms.
-OMR is generally distinguished from optical character recognition (OCR) by the fact that a complicated pattern recognition engine is not required.
-One of the most familiar applications of optical mark recognition is the use of #2 (HB in Europe) pencil bubble optical answer sheets in multiple choice question examinations. Students mark their answers, or other personal information, by darkening circles marked on a pre-printed sheet. 


Optical-Character Recognition
- OCR (optical character recognition) is the recognition of printed or written text characters by a computer. 
- This involves photoscanning of the text character-by-character, analysis of the scanned-in image, and then translation of the character image into character codes, such as ASCII, commonly used in data processing.
- In OCR processing, the scanned-in image or bitmap is analyzed for light and dark areas in order to identify each alphabetic letter or numeric digit. 
- OCR is being used by libraries to digitize and preserve their holdings. OCR is also used to process checks and credit card slips and sort the mail.


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